Aging Population and Public Pensions: Theory and Macroeconometric Evidence

Authors

  • Miroslav Verbič University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Economics; Institute for Economic Research, Slovenia
  • Rok Spruk Utrecht University, Department of Economic and Social History, The Netherlands

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.2298/PAN1403289V

Keywords:

Public pensions, Ageing, Social security, Replacement rate, Life expectancy

Abstract

Rapidly aging population in high-income countries has exerted additional pressure on the sustainability of public pension expenditure. We present a theoretical model of public pension expenditure under endogenous human capital, where the latter facilitates a substantial decrease in equilibrium fertility rate alongside the improvement in life expectancy. We demonstrate how higher life expectancy and human capital endowment facilitate a rise of net replacement rate. We then provide and examine an empirical model of old-age expenditure in a panel of 33 countries for the period 1998-2008. Our results indicate that increases in effective retirement age and total fertility rate would reduce age-related expenditure substantially. While higher net replacement rate would alleviate the risk of old-age poverty, further increases would add considerable pressure on the fiscal sustainability of public pensions.

Key words: Public pensions, Ageing, Social security, Replacement rate, Life expectancy.
JEL: H55, J11, C54.

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Published

2014-10-01

How to Cite

Verbič, M., & Spruk, R. (2014). Aging Population and Public Pensions: Theory and Macroeconometric Evidence. Panoeconomicus, 61(3), 289–316. https://doi.org/10.2298/PAN1403289V

Issue

Section

Original scientific paper